Nā ʻāpana Passive i nā Kaapuni RF
Resistors, capacitors, Antennas. . . . E aʻo e pili ana i nā ʻāpana passive i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana RF.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻōnaehana RF mai nā ʻano kaapuni uila ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kānāwai like o ka physics, a no laila, ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kumu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hoʻolālā RF i nā kaapuni kikohoʻe a me nā kaapuni analog haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Eia nō naʻe, pili ka hoʻolālā RF i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa o nā luʻina a me nā pahuhopu, a no laila nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e kāhea i ka noʻonoʻo kūikawā i ka wā e hana ana mākou i ka pōʻaiapili o RF. Eia kekahi, hana kekahi mau kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia i nā hana i kikoʻī loa i nā ʻōnaehana RF-ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaapuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia e ka poʻe ʻike liʻiliʻi me nā ʻenehana hoʻolālā RF.
Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine mākou i nā ʻāpana e like me ka hana a i ʻole ka passive, a ua like kēia ala i ke aupuni o RF. Kūkākūkā ka nūhou i nā ʻāpana passive e pili ana i nā kaapuni RF, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao aʻe e uhi i nā mea hana.
Nā kāpana
Hāʻawi ka capacitor kūpono i ka hana like no ka hōʻailona 1 Hz a me ka hōʻailona 1 GHz. Akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā ʻāpana, a ʻo nā nonidealities o kahi capacitor hiki ke koʻikoʻi i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.
"C" pili i ka capacitor kūpono i kanu ʻia i waena o nā mea parasitic he nui. Loaʻa iā mākou ke kūpaʻa pau ʻole ma waena o nā papa (RD), series resistance (RS), series inductance (LS), a me ka parallel capacitance (CP) ma waena o nā PCB pads a me ka mokulele honua (ke manaʻo nei mākou i nā ʻāpana mauna; ʻoi aku ma hope o kēia).
ʻO ka nonideality koʻikoʻi loa ke hana mākou me nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe ʻo ka inductance. Manaʻo mākou e emi mau ka impedance o kahi capacitor i ka piʻi ʻana o ke alapine, akā ʻo ka hele ʻana o ka inductance parasitic ke kumu o ka impedance e iho i lalo i ke alapine resonant ponoʻī a laila hoʻomaka e hoʻonui:
Resistors, et al.
Hiki i nā resistors ke pilikia i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, loaʻa iā lākou ka inductance series, capacitance parallel, a me ka capacitance maʻamau e pili ana me nā pads PCB.
A ke hāpai nei kēia i kahi mea koʻikoʻi: i ka wā e hana ana ʻoe me nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, aia nā mea kaiapuni parasitic ma nā wahi āpau. ʻAʻohe mea maʻalahi a maikaʻi paha kahi mea kū'ē, pono e hoʻopili ʻia a kūʻai ʻia i kahi PCB, a ʻo ka hopena he parasitics. Hoʻohana like ʻia i nā mea ʻē aʻe: inā ʻo ia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kūʻai ʻia i ka papa, aia nā mea parasitic.
Kalikiliki
ʻO ke kumu o ka RF ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i nā hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai iā lākou ke haʻi i ka ʻike, akā ma mua o ka hana ʻana, pono mākou e hana. E like me nā ʻano kaʻapuni ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā kristal kahi kumu kumu o ka hana ʻana i kahi kuhikuhi alapine paʻa.
Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hoʻolālā kikohoʻe a hui pū ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ʻaʻole pono nā kaapuni i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka kristal i ka pololei e hiki ai i ke aniani ke hāʻawi, a no laila ua maʻalahi ka mālama ʻole e pili ana i ke koho aniani. ʻO kahi kaapuni RF, ma kahi ʻokoʻa, hiki ke loaʻa i nā koi alapine koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻole pono kēia i ka pololei o ka alapine mua akā ke kūpaʻa pinepine.
ʻO ke alapine oscillation o kahi aniani maʻamau e maʻalahi i nā ʻano wela. ʻO ka hopena o ka hopena pinepine e hoʻokumu i nā pilikia no nā ʻōnaehana RF, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana e ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mahana ambient. No laila, pono paha kahi ʻōnaehana i kahi TCXO, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi oscillator kristal i uku ʻia i ka mahana. Hoʻokomo kēia mau mea hana i ka circuitry e uku ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka kristal:
Antenna
ʻO ka antenna kahi ʻāpana passive i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻololi i kahi hōʻailona uila RF i ka radiation electromagnetic (EMR), a i ʻole. Me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a me nā alakaʻi e hoʻāʻo mākou e hōʻemi i nā hopena o EMR, a me nā antenna mākou e hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hanauna a i ʻole ka hoʻokipa ʻana o EMR e pili ana i nā pono o ka noi.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻepekema Antenna. Hoʻololi nā ʻano like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana o ke koho ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi antenna i kūpono no kahi noi. ʻElua ʻatikala ʻo AAC (e kaomi ma aneʻi a ma aneʻi) e hāʻawi i kahi hoʻolauna maikaʻi loa i nā manaʻo antenna.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā alapine kiʻekiʻe me nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā like ʻole, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻāpana antenna o ka ʻōnaehana hiki ke lilo i mea pilikia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pinepine, no ka mea, ʻae nā alapine kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antenna pōkole. I kēia mau lā he mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi "antenna chip," i kūʻai ʻia i kahi PCB e like me nā ʻāpana maʻamau ma luna o ka mauna, a i ʻole kahi antenna PCB, i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi trace i hoʻolālā ʻia i ka hoʻolālā PCB.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
ʻO kekahi mau mea maʻamau wale nō i nā noi RF, a pono e koho ʻia a hoʻokō pono ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o kā lākou ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe ʻole.
Hōʻike nā ʻāpana passive i ka pane alapine nonideal ma muli o ka inductance parasitic a me ka capacitance.
Pono paha nā noi RF i nā kristal i ʻoi aku ka pololei a/a i ʻole ka paʻa ma mua o nā kristal i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā kaapuni kikohoʻe.
ʻO nā Antenna nā mea koʻikoʻi e pono e koho ʻia e like me nā ʻano a me nā koi o kahi ʻōnaehana RF.
ʻO Si Chuan Keenlion Microwave kahi koho nui ma nā ʻāpana haiki a me ka laulā ākea, e uhi ana i nā alapine mai 0.5 a 50 GHz. Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e lawelawe mai ka 10 a 30 watts mana hoʻokomo i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻouna 50-ohm. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻolālā Microstrip a i ʻole stripline, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hana maikaʻi loa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-03-2022
